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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-9" />En son Online Olan 6 Üyemiz<br><a href="bapsungur">bapsungur</a> <a href="ErcumentaL">ErcumentaL</a> <a href="vvenom">vvenom</a> <a href="kesdi">kesdi</a> <a href="seyitkocak">seyitkocak</a> <a href="Reyyan">Reyyan</a> 
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		<td class="ccdiv" height="38" width="986" colspan="4" style="border-style:none; border-width:medium; "><p class="bloktext">Dijital Fotograf 1</p></td>
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		<td height="89" width="1196" valign="top" style="border-style:none; border-width:medium;" colspan="2"><div class="ccdiv2"><P>Teknolojide ki h&#305;zl&#305; de&#287;i&#351;im foto&#287;raf sekt&#246;r&#252;nde de kendini g&#246;sterdi ve dijital foto&#287;raf yani say&#305;sal foto&#287;raf ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;. Ekonominin &#246;nemli pazarlar&#305;ndan olan foto&#287;raf sekt&#246;r&#252;nde pay alma &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar&#305; bu pazardaki firmalar&#305; de&#287;i&#351;tirmi&#351;tir.say&#305;sal foto&#287;raf sekt&#246;r&#252;nde yeniliklere uyum g&#246;steremeyen y&#305;llar&#305;n firmalar&#305; yok olmu&#351;lard&#305;r. Ge&#231;mi&#351;e d&#246;nd&#252;&#287;&#252;m&#252;zde foto&#287;raf sekt&#246;r&#252;nde &#231;ok say&#305;da yenili&#287;i bulan y&#305;llar&#305;n firmalar&#305; yok olmu&#351;tur veya yeni foto&#287;raf firmalar&#305; taraf&#305;ndan sat&#305;n al&#305;nm&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. <BR>Say&#305;sal foto&#287;raf makineleri foto&#287;rafa ula&#351;&#305;m&#305; kolayla&#351;t&#305;rd&#305;. Daha &#231;ok say&#305;da foto&#287;raf &#231;ekilmeye ba&#351;land&#305;. Foto&#287;raf daha kolay ula&#351;&#305;m foto&#287;rafa bak&#305;&#351; a&#231;&#305;s&#305;n&#305; de&#287;i&#351;tirdi. Bir &#351;ey ne kadar fazla &#252;retiliyor ise fiyat&#305; o kadar ucuz olur. Ve &#246;yle oldu. Foto&#287;rafa zor ula&#351;an kitleler daha kolay ula&#351;t&#305;klar&#305; foto&#287;rafa k&#252;&#231;&#252;mser bir bak&#305;&#351; a&#231;&#305;s&#305;yla bakmaya ba&#351;lad&#305;. Birde photoshop yok mu, her &#351;eyi de&#287;i&#351;tirebilirisin, d&#252;zeltebilirisin ve g&#252;zel bir foto&#287;raf elde edebilirsin anlay&#305;&#351;&#305; olu&#351;maya ba&#351;lad&#305;.</P>
<P>Say&#305;sal foto&#287;raf biraz zorunluluktan ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;, uzaydaki g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;lere kolay ula&#351;mak isteyen NASA&nbsp; foto&#287;raf &#351;irketleri ile bu alanda ortak&nbsp; &#231;al&#305;&#351;maya gitti. Bu &#231;al&#305;&#351;malar sonucu say&#305;sal foto&#287;raf makineleri ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;. Peki dijital foto&#287;raf nedir ne de&#287;ildir?</P>
<P>SAYISAL FOTO&#286;RAF;</P>
<P>Dijital foto&#287;raf makinesinin&nbsp; &#231;ekim d&#252;&#287;mesine her bast&#305;&#287;&#305;m&#305;zda, alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305; her elementten gelen bilgileri bir analoktan dijitale d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;c&#252;ye aktar&#305;r, bu d&#246;n&#252;&#351;t&#252;r&#252;c&#252; verileri kodlar ve daha sonra indirilmek &#252;zere RAM&#8217;e g&#246;nderir veya kal&#305;c&#305; bir bellek kartta depolar.</P>
<P>Biraz daha a&#231;arsak,<BR>Objektifin g&#246;rd&#252;&#287;&#252; &#305;&#351;&#305;k bilgisi, verilen de&#287;erlere g&#246;re objektif ve diyaframdan ge&#231;erek alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305; &#252;zerine d&#252;&#351;er. alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305; bu &#305;&#351;&#305;k bilgisini dijital olarak alg&#305;lar ve &#231;&#246;z&#252;n&#252;rl&#252;k de&#287;erine g&#246;re belli bir ebatta ve RGB (Red-Green-Blue) yani K&#305;rm&#305;z&#305;-Ye&#351;il-Mavi olarak &#252;&#231; temel renkten olu&#351;an bir g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252; olu&#351;turur. Magic-board denilen i&#351;lemci kart bu resim bilgisini fabrikasyon olarak daha &#246;nceden belirlenmi&#351; dijital g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252; formatlar&#305;ndan biri ile (JPEG,TIFF gibi) yap&#305;land&#305;r&#305;r. Dijital bir&nbsp; g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252; format&#305;nda, belli bir renk de&#287;erinde, belli bir ebattaki foto&#287;raf olu&#351;mu&#351;tur. Bundan sonra foto&#287;raf bilgisi, &#351;u an itibariyle en &#231;ok kullan&#305;lan haf&#305;za kartlar&#305;ndan birisinde saklan&#305;r. Haf&#305;za kartlar&#305;nda ki&nbsp; sakl&#305; foto&#287;raf&#305;, bask&#305; yaparak yada, bilgisayar ekran&#305;nda g&#246;rebiliriz.</P>
<P><IMG alt="" src="/dosya/1(3).jpg" width=1005 height=322><BR><BR>Foto&#287;raf makineleri ve foto&#287;raf&nbsp; belli bir bilgi birikimi sonucu&nbsp; geli&#351;erek ortaya &#231;&#305;kt&#305;. orta&#231;a&#287;dan beri geli&#351;erek 19 yy ula&#351;t&#305;. 19 y&#252;zy&#305;l&#305;n ikinci &#231;eyre&#287;inde ilk g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252; kal&#305;c&#305; hale getirildi. Yani foto&#287;raf oldu. Bu s&#252;re&#231;te&nbsp; yeni net h&#305;zl&#305; &#231;ekim yapabilen objektifler, foto&#287;raf makineleri arka arkaya geli&#351;tirildi. 19 yy ikinci &#231;eyre&#287;inin sonuna gelinildi&#287;inde art&#305;k foto&#287;raf makinesi, objektifler ve foto&#287;raf makinesi ile birlikte foto&#287;raf g&#252;nl&#252;k ya&#351;amda kullan&#305;l&#305;r olmu&#351;tu. &#304;&#351;te bu s&#252;re&#231;te foto&#287;rafla ilgili &#231;o&#287;u geli&#351;me tamamlanm&#305;&#351;t&#305;. Bundan sonraki s&#252;re&#231;te Manuel olan bu ayg&#305;tlar elektronik yap&#305;ld&#305;. G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde say&#305;sal foto&#287;raf geli&#351;tirildi. San&#305;ld&#305;&#287;&#305; gibi foto&#287;rafta &#231;ok b&#252;y&#252;k bir de&#287;i&#351;im olmad&#305;. De&#287;i&#351;im foto&#287;rafa ula&#351;&#305;m&#305;n kolayla&#351;mas&#305; oldu.<BR>G&#252;zel foto&#287;raf; siyah beyaz, renkli, saydam, say&#305;salda olsa foto&#287;raft&#305;r.<BR>G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde ki en b&#252;y&#252;k de&#287;i&#351;im cep telefonlar&#305;nda oldu. Biliyoruz ki art&#305;k g&#252;n&#252;m&#252;z cep telefonlar&#305;n&#305;n bir di&#287;er &#246;nemli i&#351;lemi foto&#287;raf &#231;ekmektir.ve cep telefonuyla &#231;ekilen g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252; say&#305;s&#305; o kadar fazla ki foto&#287;raf makineleri ile &#231;ekilenin foto&#287;raf&#305;n kat kat fazlas&#305;d&#305;r.<BR>Say&#305;sal foto&#287;raf makinelerinin &#231;e&#351;itlili&#287;i o kadar &#231;o&#287;ald&#305; ki art&#305;k her &#231;&#305;kan modele ula&#351;amaz olduk. Ama, say&#305;sal foto&#287;raf makineleri teknolojik olarak geli&#351;im s&#252;recini tamamlam&#305;&#351; gibidir. Art&#305;k say&#305;sal makinelerde olabilecek de&#287;i&#351;iklikler piksel b&#252;y&#252;kl&#252;&#287;&#252;, video &#231;ekebilme &#246;zelli&#287;i, LCD ekran&#305;n a&#231;&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n de&#287;i&#351;tirilebilmesi, titre&#351;im engelliyicinin olmas&#305;, alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305;s&#305;n&#305;n toz tutmamas&#305;,elektronik viz&#246;r v.b gibi de&#287;i&#351;iklikler olabilir.</P>
<P>G&#252;n&#252;m&#252;zde foto&#287;raf makinelerinin en &#246;nemli s&#305;n&#305;fland&#305;r&#305;lmas&#305; kay&#305;t sistemine g&#246;redir,</P>
<P>FOTO&#286;RAF MAK&#304;NELER&#304;N&#304; KAYIT S&#304;STEM&#304;NE G&#214;RE <BR>1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SAYISAL&nbsp; ( D&#304;J&#304;TAL ) <BR>2.&nbsp; F&#304;LME KAYIT EDEN<BR>foto&#287;raf makineleri diye ikiye ay&#305;rtabiliriz. Peki bu iki t&#252;r ars&#305;nda ne gibi benzerlikler ve farkl&#305;l&#305;klar vard&#305;r.</P>
<P><BR>F&#304;LM VE D&#304;J&#304;TAL FOTO&#286;RAF MAK&#304;NELER&#304;N&#304;N BENZERL&#304;KLER&#304;</P>
<P>1.&nbsp;Objektifleri vard&#305;r, sabit odak uzakl&#305;kl&#305; veya zoomlu objektifleri vard&#305;r.<BR>2.&nbsp;Viz&#246;r&#252; vard&#305;r, optikten elektroni&#287;e de&#287;i&#351;en baka&#231;lar&#305; bulunur.<BR>3.&nbsp;Deklan&#351;&#246;r&#252;, enstantane ve diyafram ayarlar&#305; vard&#305;r. Tam otomatik makinelerde bulunmayabilir.<BR>4.&nbsp;Manuel veya otomatik &#231;e&#351;itli netleme mekanizmalar&#305; bulunur. &#199;ok ucuz makineler sabit odakl&#305; olabilir.</P>
<P>&nbsp;SAYISAL FOTO&#286;RAF MAK&#304;NELER&#304;N&#304;N FARKLARI:</P>
<P>1.&nbsp;G&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;leri saklay&#305;p bas&#305;lmas&#305;n&#305; sa&#287;layan&nbsp; veya bellek kartlar&#305; vard&#305;r.<BR>2.&nbsp;Likit kristal ekran.<BR>3.&nbsp;Beyaz ayar&#305;.<BR>4.&nbsp;G&#246;r&#252;nt&#252; alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305;lar&#305;, sens&#246;r vard&#305;r<BR>5.&nbsp;ASA h&#305;z&#305;&nbsp; her &#231;ekimde de&#287;i&#351;tirme &#246;zelli&#287;i<BR>6.&nbsp;Baz&#305; modellerde titre&#351;im engelleyici <BR>7.&nbsp; Baz&#305; modellerde Video &#231;ekme &#246;zelli&#287;i</P>
<P><BR>&nbsp;SAYISAL FOTO&#286;RAF MAK&#304;NELER&#304;N&#304;N AVANTAJLARI:<BR>1.&nbsp;Film maliyeti yok<BR>2.&nbsp;Karanl&#305;k oda yada film st&#252;dyosu maliyeti yok.<BR>3.&nbsp;Be&#287;enmedi&#287;iniz foto&#287;raf&#305; an&#305;nda silebilirsiniz.<BR>4.&nbsp;Foto&#287;raflar&#305; an&#305;nda Web ve e-posta ortam&#305;nda kullanabilirsiniz.<BR>5.&nbsp;Havaalanlar&#305;ndan, r&#246;ntgen taray&#305;c&#305;lar dijital g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;ye zarar vermez.<BR>6.&nbsp;Baz&#305; modellerinden ses kay&#305;t cihaz&#305;, video &#231;ekimler,web kameras&#305;, mp3 olarak kullan&#305;la bilinir.</P>
<P><BR>Bir dijital foto&#287;raf makinesinin i&#231;ini a&#231;arsan&#305;z, foto&#287;raf makinesine g&#252;&#231; veren pil tak&#305;m&#305;n&#305;n yan&#305;nda, bir demet bilgisayar &#231;ipi ve minyat&#252;r d&#252;z ekran bir televizyona benzeyen&nbsp; b&#252;y&#252;k, dikd&#246;rtgen bir ayg&#305;t g&#246;r&#252;rs&#252;n&#252;z. Bu alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305;d&#305;r ve foto&#287;raf makinesinde filmin yerine kullan&#305;lan ayg&#305;tt&#305;r.<BR>I&#351;&#305;&#287;&#305; say&#305;sal bilgilere, di&#287;er bir deyi&#351;le bellekten depolanabilecek ve daha sonra bilgisayara g&#246;nderip bir foto&#287;rafa &#231;&#246;z&#252;mlenebilecek birlere ve s&#305;f&#305;rlara &#231;evirir.<BR>CCD d&#252;&#351;ey ve yatay sat&#305;rlar halinde d&#252;zenlenmi&#351;tir, &#305;&#351;&#305;&#287;a duyarl&#305; elementlerden meydana gelen bir &#305;zgaray&#305; i&#231;erir.<BR>Elementlere piksel ad&#305; verilir.<BR>Baz&#305; yeni foto&#287;raf makineleri CMOS &#231;ipi ad&#305;nda yeni bir t&#252;r ayg&#305;t kullanmaktad&#305;r. Fark&#305;, say&#305;salla&#351;t&#305;rma s&#252;reci farkl&#305; &#351;ekilde ger&#231;ekle&#351;tirilir.<BR>Izgara i&#231;inde ne kadar &#231;ok piksel varsa yakalanan g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;n&#252;n &#231;&#246;z&#252;n&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252; o kadar iyi olacakt&#305;r.</P>
<P>ALGILAYICILAR:</P>
<P>CCD( Charged Coupled Device):<BR><BR><IMG alt="" src="/dosya/2(3).jpg" width=547 height=313><BR>AVANTAJLARI</P>
<P>&nbsp;Y&#252;ksek g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252; kalitesi<BR>&nbsp;D&#252;&#351;&#252;k noise seviyesi<BR>&nbsp;lo&#351; &#305;&#351;&#305;kta iyi g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;</P>
<P>DEZAVANTAJLARI<BR>&nbsp;Y&#252;ksek maliyet (pahal&#305;)<BR>&nbsp;&#231;ok hassas (dayan&#305;ks&#305;z)<BR>&nbsp;Y&#252;ksek enerji t&#252;ketimi</P>
<P><BR>S&#220;PER CCD: &#214;ZELL&#304;KLER&#304;;</P>
<P>Y&#252;ksek Hassasl&#305;k<BR>Y&#252;ksek &#304;&#351;lem H&#305;z&#305;<BR>Y&#252;ksek enterpolasyon Miktar&#305;<BR>&nbsp;Renk Bozukluklar&#305;</P>
<P>&nbsp;Fuji Film foto&#287;raf makinelerinden kullan&#305;lmaktad&#305;r.<BR><IMG alt="" src="/dosya/3(2).jpg" width=544 height=325><BR><BR>CMOS<BR>&#304;ki kanall&#305; h&#305;zl&#305; i&#351;lem</P>
<P><IMG alt="" src="http://www.fotograflar.net/dosya/4(3).jpg" width=288 height=249></P>
<P>DEZAVANTAJLARI</P>
<P>CCD&#8217;ye oranla d&#252;&#351;&#252;k g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252; kalitesi<BR>&nbsp;Y&#252;ksek Noise oran&#305;<BR>&nbsp;D&#252;&#351;&#252;k dolgu oran&#305;<BR>&nbsp;G&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;&#8217;de e&#351;itsizlik<BR>AVANTAJLARI</P>
<P>&nbsp;D&#252;&#351;&#252;k Maliyet(ucuz)<BR>&nbsp;D&#252;&#351;&#252;k g&#252;&#231; t&#252;ketimi<BR>&nbsp;Y&#252;ksek i&#351;lem h&#305;z&#305;<BR>dayan&#305;kl&#305;</P>
<P><BR>FOVEON X3 &#214;ZELL&#304;KLER&#304;</P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;Minumum enterpolasyon kayb&#305;<BR>D&#252;&#351;&#252;k hassasl&#305;k<BR>K&#305;s&#305;tl&#305; sensor b&#252;y&#252;kl&#252;&#287;&#252;<BR>Y&#252;ksek Noise</P>
<P>Sigma foto&#287;raf makinelerinde kullan&#305;yor.Teoride daha iyi renk doygunlu&#287;u vermeli. <BR>&nbsp;</P>
<P><IMG alt="" src="/dosya/5(3).jpg" width=544 height=436><BR><BR>Alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305;larda&nbsp; ye&#351;il renge duyarl&#305; sens&#246;r h&#252;crelerinin toplam&#305; mavi ve k&#305;rm&#305;z&#305; renk sens&#246;rlerinin toplam&#305; kadard&#305;r. Burada insan beynine benzerlik vard&#305;r. Hepimiz ye&#351;il alanlara gitti&#287;imizde&nbsp; rahatlama his ederiz. Ye&#351;il alanlara &#246;zlem duyar&#305;z. Son ara&#351;t&#305;rmalar g&#246;stermi&#351;tir ki insan beyni ye&#351;il renge daha duyarl&#305;d&#305;r.</P>
<P>Alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305;lar aras&#305;nda ge&#231;mi&#351; y&#305;llarda biraz farkl&#305;l&#305;klar oldu&#287;u s&#246;ylense de, son y&#305;llarda foto&#287;raf makinelerinde kullan&#305;lan alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305;lara ba&#287;l&#305; ciddi bir farkl&#305;l&#305;k yoktur. &#199;e&#351;itli makineleri &#246;venler firma temsilcisidirler. Alg&#305;lay&#305;c&#305;lar aras&#305;ndaki farklar art&#305;k foto&#287;raf makinesindeki i&#351;lemci programlar&#305;&nbsp; ile d&#252;zeltilmektedir. T&#252;m foto&#287;raf makineleri ile g&#252;zel foto&#287;raflar &#231;ekilebilmektedir. Pahl&#305; makine ile g&#252;zel foto&#287;raf &#231;ekilir anlay&#305;&#351;&#305; yanl&#305;&#351;t&#305;r. Unutmayal&#305;m ki, foto&#287;raf foto&#287;raf makinesi ile de&#287;il beynimizle &#231;ekilir. Foto&#287;raf makinesi g&#246;rebildi&#287;imiz g&#246;r&#252;nt&#252;y&#252; kal&#305;c&#305; hale getirir, yani foto&#287;raf&#305;n&#305; &#231;eker. &#304;lerleyen b&#246;l&#252;mlerde say&#305;sal foto&#287;raf makinesi sat&#305;n al&#305;rken dikkat etmemiz gereken ayr&#305;nt&#305;lar&#305; yazaca&#287;&#305;m.<BR><BR>DEVAM EDECEK&#8230;</P>
<P><BR>Hasan Yelken<BR><A href="http://www.hasanyelken.com">www.hasanyelken.com</A></P>
<P><BR>Kaynak&#231;a:<BR>National Geographic Dergisi, dijital foto&#287;raf eki<BR>Terzi,Erkan.dijital foto&#287;raf&#231;&#305;l&#305;k,sistem yay&#305;nc&#305;l&#305;k,2004<BR>Kanburo&#287;lu, &#214;zer. Dijital foto&#287;raf, yal&#231;&#305;nlar<BR>&#304;kizler, Emre. Filmden Dijitale Foto&#287;raf,say,2007<BR>Ho&#351;bakan, Ahmet. Dijital Foto&#287;raf&#231;&#305;l&#305;k,2006<BR>King, Julia Adair. Amat&#246;rler i&#231;in Dijital Foto&#287;raf&#231;&#305;l&#305;k,2000<BR>Kelby, Scott. Dijital Foto&#287;raf&#231;&#305;l&#305;k, Alfa,2006<BR>Ang, Tom. Dijital Foto&#287;ra&#231;&#305;l&#305;k, &#304;nkilap,2004<BR>&nbsp;</P>&nbsp;</div></td>
		<td height="114" width="22" valign="top" style="border-style:none; border-width:medium; " rowspan="2">&nbsp;</td>
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		: 1900 </td>
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			<td height="26" style="border-left:1px solid #666666; border-right:medium none #666666; border-top:1px solid #666666; border-bottom:1px solid #666666; ">&nbsp;<a href="index.asp?page=yazi_detay&id=27">ARKEOLOJi VE FOTOGRAF</a></td>
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